Get this from a library! This left the British government reluctant in accepting full responsibility for this newly acknowledged region. With the aid of Frederick Lugard, the individual given the task of building the Company a fortified location on Kampala Hill, the IBEAC earned itself a fruitless victory. However, the IBEAC lacked the funds needed to start the work. [9] The main part of the Mackinnon-Sclater road was completed by the British government after the demise of the IBEAC. [6] However, the kit remained there in storage until 1895,[6] presumably because the IBEAC did not succeed in starting to build the railway that would deliver the kit to the lake. The IBEAC oversaw an area of about 246,800 square miles (639,000 km2) along the eastern coast of Africa, its centre being at about 39° East longitude and 0° latitude. Galbraith, Mackinnon and East Africa, 1878–1892: A Study in the ‘New Imperialism’ (Cambridge, 1972) and J. Forbes Munro, Africa and the International Economy, 1800–1960 (London, 1976) have proved especially useful in providing background material for this chapter. SS William Mackinnon was a steamboat on Lake Victoria in East Africa.She was named after Sir William Mackinnon, founder of the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC).. One Saturday afternoon, April 7th, 1498, Vasco da Gama anchored off Mombasa near where Fort Jesus stands today. [7], Following the closure of the school, and the sale of the land, the Mackinnon Macmeill Trust was able to continue to help young people and exists now to give bursaries to students from the Western Highlands and Islands going to university. He was born in … The company, founded as a shipping and insurance agency in the City of London, went through several reorganizations and ownership changes, obtaining recognition as a merchant bank in 1915, becoming fully fledged as Gray Dawes Bank in 1973 (sold in 1983), and now known as Gray Dawes Group Ltd.[3][4][5][6]. It built upon Mackinnon’s trading activities in the region, with the encouragement of the British government. Galbraith, John S, 1970, "Italy, the British East Africa Company, and the Benadir Coast, 1888–1893", This page was last edited on 3 January 2021, at 05:16. The Mackinnon-Sclater roadwas a 970 km (600 mi) ox cart track from Mombasa to Busia in Kenya started in 1890 by the British East Africa Company (IBEAC). Central to success of the Italian's goals in Zanzibar was William MacKinnon, chairman of East African … MACKINNON, Sir WILLIAM, first baronet (1823–1893), founder of the British East Africa Company, born at Campbeltown in Argyleshire on 31 March 1823, was the son of Duncan Mackinnon of Campbeltown, by his wife Isabella (d. 21 April 1861), daughter of John Currie of the same town. Germany would lay claim to the coast of present-day Tanzania and Britain retained access to the area in which Kenya and Uganda lie. Bow, McLachlan and Company of Paisley in Renfrewshire, Scotland built her in 1890 for the IBEAC. The company, supported by the United Kingdom government as a means of establishing British influence in the region, was committed to eliminating the slave trade, prohibiting trade monopoly, and equal treatment for all nations. Sir William Mackinnon, 1st Baronet CIE (13 March 1823 – 22 June 1893) was a Scottish ship-owner and businessman who built up substantial commercial interests in India and East Africa. Mackinnon's association, whose object A chartered company formed. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. With the rising interest and growth in Africa, there was a need for a team of experienced attorneys wholly dedicated to meeting the needs of our clients with African-integrated solutions. It granted immunity of prosecution to British subjects whilst allowing them the right to raise taxes, impose custom duties, administer justice, make treaties and otherwise act as the government of the area.[1]. This company was supported by the British government, who planned to use it to spread their influence in East Africa. It was led by William Mackinnon and built upon his company's trading activities in the region, with the encouragement of the British government through the granting of an imperial charter—although it remained unclear what this actually meant. IBEAC was already struggling financially due to customs issues but the money spent funding this skirmish all but bankrupted it. October 2017 Kenyan presidential election, "Some Factors in the British Occupation of East Africa, 1884–1894", "Mackinnon, Sir William, baronet (1823–1893)", The partition of East Africa (1856 – 1891), Company of Merchant Adventurers of London, Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_British_East_Africa_Company&oldid=997983660, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The first road built in Kenya was the Mackinnon-Scalter road, a 1000km ox cart earth track from Mombasa to Busia whose construction started in 1890 by the Imperial British East Africa company (IBEA). Mackinnon and East Africa 1878-1895 by John S. Galbraith, 9780521101714, available at Book Depository with free delivery worldwide. He had gone round the Cape of Good Hope in the Indian Ocean. The Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEACO) was a commercial association founded to develop African trade in the areas controlled by the British Empire. Mombasa and its harbour were central to its operations, with an administrative office about 50 miles (80 km) south in Shimoni. [6] She was built in Scotland in 1890 and delivered in kit form to Mombasa. Smith Mackenzie & Company took a stake in IBEA and acted as its agents, until the charter was surrendered in 1897. The charter; 6. He established the British-India Steam Navigation Company and the Imperial British East Africa Company. In 1888, control of the emerging British "sphere of interest" in East Africa was assigned by royal charter to William Mackinnon's Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEACO), an arrangement strengthened in 1890 by an Anglo-German agreement confirming British dominance over Kenya and Uganda. Sir William Mackinnon won the right to administer a coastal strip of land from the Sultan of Zanzibar, in return for customs revenue, which led to the founding of the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEA). The company employed James Macdonald assisted by John Wallace Pringle, both officers in the Royal Engineers, to undertake the survey in 1891–1892. One of these areas, the Sultanate of Zanzibarand the interior of Eastern Africa, caught the attention of both Germany and Britain. Mackinnon formed a British East Africa Association which led to the Imperial British East African Company (IBEAC) being chartered in 1888 and given an original grant to administer. East Africa Protectorate (also known as British East Africa) was an area in the African Great Lakes occupying roughly the same terrain as present-day Kenya—approximately 639,209 km 2 (246,800 sq mi)—from the Indian Ocean inland to the border with Uganda in the west. They eventually got the railroad built and got the ship, that had sat in kit form in a wharehouse in Mombassa for 10 years operating on Lake Victoria as intended. The British East Africa Company proved to be an ineffective attempt at allowing commercial businesses local administrative rights. In 1865 he established Gray, Dawes and Company as a merchant partnership for his nephew Archibald Gray and Edwyn Sandys Dawes (1838–1903), knighted in 1894. The IBEAC started building the Mackinnon-Sclater road, a 600 miles (970 km) ox cart track from Mombasa to Busia on the Uganda border, in 1890.[4][5]. [1], He and his nephew, Duncan MacNeil, left bequests which were used to start the Mackinnon MacNeil Trust with a mandate to "provide a decent education to deserving Highland lads". [7] The trustees purchased the former estate of James Nicol Fleming on Keil Point, Southend, Kintyre, including Keil House, and set up the Kintyre Technical School. It superseded earlier caravan routes used by slave traders and explorers of the interior. The Emin Pasha Relief Expedition; 5. The book considers the interaction of Mackinnon and the government from the 1870s when his first efforts in east Africa were frustrated by Salisbury to the liquidation of the Company in the mid-1890s. The company ordered a 110-ton general purpose steamship, the SS William Mackinnon, to operate on Lake Victoria. [1] In 1891 he founded the Free Church of Scotland East African Scottish Mission. Mackinnon formed the British East Africa Association, to promote the formation of a company; 250,000 pounds was subscribed. [1] It grew into a huge business trading round the coasts of the Indian Ocean, extending its operations to Burma, the Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa, from Aden to Zanzibar. Prior its construction traders (in goods and slaves) and explorers to the interior parts of Kenya used caravan routes. He was born in Campbeltown, Argyll, and after starting in the grocery trade there, went to Glasgow and worked for a merchant who had Asian trading interests. Mackinnon and east Africa: prologue; 3. See Mackinnon Road photos and images from satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of Mackinnon Road in Kenya. Inevitably, in 1894, the British government declared a protectorate over Uganda effectively dissolving IBEAC and assuming full responsibility. The Trust is still chaired by a member of the Mackinnon family, The papers of Sir William Mackinnon (PP MS 1) are held by Archives and Special Collections at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London. The Mackinnon Road site, 41½ miles NW of Mombasa was one of three locations selected for new naval airfields in Eastern Africa for the support of the Eastern Fleet operations in the Indian Ocean; the other two were at Voi, Kenya, 79 miles NNW from Mombasa, and Tanga, Tanganyika, 72 miles SSW of Mombasa. [1], He died at the Burlington Hotel in London in 1893 and was buried at Clachan in Kintyre, near his home, Balinakill House. SS William Mackinnon reached Kisumu in kit form in 1898, was launched in 1900 and, like the railway, was completed and entered service in 1901.[6]. In 1887, the company was granted a concession of administration in East Africa. Airstrip built in the African bush This conflict proved to be the company's final undoing. [1], Calcutta and Burma Steam Navigation Company, BI Ship (British India Steam Navigation) site, Colonial Head of British East Africa, later Kenya, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sir_William_Mackinnon,_1st_Baronet&oldid=993126180, Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom, Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire, Fellows of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 22:53. He established the British-India Steam Navigation Company and the Imperial British East Africa Company. Hoping to resolve this common interest in a peaceful manner, in 1886 Germany and Britain signed a treaty in which they agreed upon what lands they would exclusively pursue. [1] Together they formed the firm of Mackinnon Mackenzie & Co[1] and Mackinnon chose to make Cossipore the base for his own activities.[2]. This place is situated in Coast, Kenya, its geographical coordinates are 3° 44' 0" South, 39° 3' 0" East and its original name (with diacritics) is Mackinnon Road. Brewing conflict between rival factions ultimately prevented the company from investing the necessary time and money into this venture. Professor Galbraith's book considers this episode in British Imperial History, the factors involved and Mackinnon's part in it. Mackinnon was also instrumental in promoting and funding Sir Henry Morton Stanley's expedition for the relief of Emin Pasha in 1886. At the same time, Britain was focusing its resources in other interests which included land acquired in Southern Africa. Hoping to resolve this common interest in a peaceful manner, in 1886 Germany and Britain signed a treaty in which they agreed upon what lands they would exclusively pursue. Buy Mackinnon and East Africa 1878-1895: A Study in the 'New Imperialism' (Cambridge Commonwealth Series) by John S. Galbraith (ISBN: 9780521083447) from Amazon's Book Store. On 3 September 1888, the British East Africa Company was formally incorporated, with Mackinnon as Chairman. In 1888, Mackinnon founded the Imperial British East Africa Company and became its Chairman. Sir William Mackinnon, 1st Baronet CIE (13 March 1823 – 22 June 1893) was a Scottish ship-owner and businessman who built up substantial commercial interests in India and East Africa. Welcome to the Mackinnon Road google satellite map! Mackinnon also founded the Imperial British East Africa Compan… who was Sir William Mackinnon a 'self-made' Scottish ship-owner and businessman who built up… Sir Mackinnon formed a British East Africa Association which led to the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC). One of these areas, the Sultanate of Zanzibar and the interior of Eastern Africa, caught the attention of both Germany and Britain. In 1873, the company established a mail service between Aden and Zanzibar. He also felt that he was on the right route to the realm of Prester John, a legendary African king of whom the people of Europe had heard much. The two reported favourably, noting that Kikuyuland would be suitable for European settlement. [John S Galbraith] -- In the 1870s Britain dominated the coast of east Africa by informal influence exerted from Zanzibar through the renowned consul-general, Sir John Kirk. In 1888, Sir William Mackinnon and the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) were authorized to serve this purpose. He later formed the British East Africa Company in 1887. was to open up the hinterland as well as this ten-mile strip, became the Imperial British East Africa Company by a founder's agreement of April 1888, and received a royal charter in September of the same year. In an effort to ease this potential burden, Britain considered allowing a commercial company the right to administer and develop the eastern territory. Germany would lay claim to the coast of present-day Tanzania and Britain retained access to the area i… The Company begins operations 1888-1889; 7. began to give consideration to commercial factors in East Africa. Under Mackinnon's guidance it developed and often created a vast trade around the coast of India and Burma, the Persian Gulf and East Coast of Africa, besides establishing subsidiary lines of connection with Great Britain, the Dutch East Indies and Australia. A miserable fraud and a disgrace to the English name. A charter was granted, and the Imperial British East Africa Company was formally incorporated on 18 April 1888, with Mackinnon, who had subscribed 10 … The campaign was effectively ended in November 1917. Other than the expected work involved with governing the exportation and management of goods and agriculture, the main role of the IBEAC was to begin facilitating the construction of a railway connecting the east coast region of Mombasa to Lake Victoria. Mackinnon and East Africa 1878-1895; a study in the 'New Imperialism'. The four groups involved in Uganda, the Kabaka, French Catholics, Protestants, and the Company, could not resolve their squabble amicably and with tensions continuing to rise, civil war broke out in January 1892. It was a commercial association founded to develop African trade in the areas. East Africa Company (IBEAC)(in London) 18 Apr 1888 - 29 May 1893 Sir William Mackinnon (s.a.) 1893 - 30 Oct 1895 Sir Arnold Burrowes Kemball (b. British Consuls at Zanzibar, Kirk and Halmwood were pressing for early action.34 In 1887, William Mackinnon, succeeded in securing a concession from the Sultan.35 His East African Association, applied for a Royal Charter, He established the British-India Steam Navigation Company and the Imperial British East Africa Company. [1], Mackinnon promoted Henry Morton Stanley's Emin Pasha Relief Expedition, first enlisting Stanley, then writing to government ministers including Lord Iddesleigh, the Foreign Secretary, and enlisting friends to form a committee which could oversee the expedition and meet more than half the cost. The IBEAC assumed responsibility for land stretching from the eastern coast of Uganda all the way to the northwestern shore of Lake Victoria. The Anglo-German treaty and its aftermath; 8. In 1856 he founded the shipping company Calcutta and Burma Steam Navigation Company, which would become British India Steam Navigation Company in 1862. The territory was finally taken over by the British government on 1 July 1895 and became British East Africa. William Mackinnon proposed abandoning the operation, but Lugard convinced British Prime Minister Gladstone to continue the efforts there as British East Africa. In 1889 Mackinnon was made 1st Baronet of Strathaird and Loup. SS William Mackinnonwas a steamboat on … The need for web access has driven African countries to Huawei despite U.S. concerns. The Uganda debacle 1890-1893; … The East African Campaign was a series of battles and guerrilla actions which started in German East Africa and ultimately affected portions of Mozambique, Northern Rhodesia, British East Africa, Uganda, and the Belgian Congo. [1], Mackinnon went to India in 1847 and joined an old schoolfriend, Robert Mackenzie, in the coasting trade, carrying merchandise from port to port around the Bay of Bengal. The territory was then divided to form the Uganda Protectorate in 1894 and East Africa Protectorate (later Kenya) in 1895. Formally incorporated, with the encouragement of the territory to the area in which Kenya and Uganda lie like. A royal charter by Queen Victoria on 6 September 1888, and granted a concession of administration East. 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