Petrography. In: Rudnick RL (ed) The crust. Scottish J Geol 40(1):49–65, Chacko T, Kumar GRR, Meen JK, Rogers JJW (1992) Geochemistry of high-grade supracrustal rocks from the Kerala Khondalite Belt and adjacent massif charnockites. Cite this article. A comparative study was performed on the petrography, geochemistry and geochronology of charnockite and granulite in the Xiwulanbulang (XWLBL) area, … Sometimes the patches and foliations of the host Rocks of the charnockite series (Holland,1900) or the charnockite- anorthosite suite of rocks (Goldschmidt,1916) are widespread in Precambrian terranes.Often the entire range of compositions from granitic to anorthositic varieties occurs in close proximity. The Kerala Khondalite Belt (KKB) of the southern India encompasses volumetrically significant magmatic components. J Geol 109:399–406, Kumar S, Gupta S, Sensarma S, Bhutani R (2020) Proterozoic felsic and mafic magmatism in India: implications for crustal evolution through crust-mantle interactions. Inzwischen wurde nachgewiesen, dass zumindest ein Teil der Charnockite auf metamorphe Prozesse zurückzuführen sind. Key words : charnockite, enderbite, petrography, modal analysis, EGGB, India Introduction The continental growth process by the accretion of crustal material - their chemical, magmatic and tectonic controls can best be understood through an extended characterization of granulites. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2017.1300074, Sekaran MC, Bhutani R, Balakrishnan S (2016) Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd study of granite–charnockite association in the Pudukkottai region and the link between metamorphism and magmatism in the Madurai Block. African Geology, Ibadan, pp 45–53, Cordani UG, Pimentel MM, Ganade de Araújo CE, Basei MAS, Fuck RA, Girardi VAV (2013) Was there an Ediacaran Clymene Ocean in Central South America? Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 168:55–75. Part of Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs060, Herron MM (1988) Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data. The main minerals are microcline, biotite, plagioclase, whereas green non-pleochloric pyroxene, amphibole (green hornblende) and quartz occur as minor minerals. Akin Jinad and Co., Ibadan, pp 29–44, Dada SS (2008) Proterozoic evolution of the Nigeria–Borborema Province. The garnet-biotite schist, calc-silicate gneiss and quartzite represent metamorphosed immature to slightly mature sedimentary rocks, probably greywacke, marl and subarkose, respectively, that were sourced from intermediate–acid rocks which underwent low–moderate chemical weathering with minor contribution from recycled sediment sources and deposited in active continental environments. PubMed Google Scholar. British Geological Survey Research Report, 2nd edn. Episodes 43(1):203–230, Laurent O, Martin H, Moyen JF, Doucelance R (2014) The diversity and evolution of late-Archean granitoids: evidence for the onset of “modern-style” plate tectonics between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga. Lithos 205:208–235, Le Maitre RW (2002) Igneous rocks: a classification and glossary of terms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Ocan OO (1990) The petrology of rocks around Idanre area, southwestern Nigeria. Kanimozhi and Selvaraj , IJCRD 2017,Vol :5 (2) 22- 29 23 dykes (Proterozoic). The charnockite patches that occur within leptynite host, in and around Jenapore, northern sec- tor of the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, are disposed in a linear fashion and generally have sharp lithological contact with the host leptynite. The charnockites and granites of Okpella show primary magmatic mineralogy and geochemical characteristics. Inter Geol Rev 62(2):129–152. Olatunde Adegbuyi, Felipe Holanda Santos and Oladotun Afolabi Oluwajana are also acknowledged for their comments on the initial drafts of this paper. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Geol Soc Amer Bull 101:635–643, Martignole J (1979) Charnockite genesis and the Proterozoic crust. All these magmatic events are fairly well correlated with the major episodes of crustal growth observed in the once contiguous continental fragments (Sri Lanka and Madagascar) and worldwide events (2.7, 1.9, and 1.2 Ga) implying similar episodic nature in the lower crustal evolution of the KKB. Zircon Hfc model ages of the TC and GC suites constrain the time of this juvenile magmatic crust-forming event as Meso- to Neoarchaean (2.8 to 2.6 Ga). The mafic rocks are pyribolite and less common pyriclasite. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2019.1593250, Caby R (1989) Precambrian terrane of Benin-Nigeria and Northeast Brazil and Proterozoic Atlantic fit barks. Precambrian Res 307:125–136. Detailed petrography was carried out using Petrographic Microscopes, both at the Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University and Department of Geology, Rhodes University, South Africa. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Geochemistry of sediments and sedimentary rocks/evolutionary considerations to mineral deposit-forming environments. Subscription will auto renew annually. The rock is porphyritic in texture, with phenocrysts of K-feldspar and plagioclase in matrix of biotite, amphibole and quartz. J Afr Earth Sci 33:211–225, Castro A (2004) The source of granites: inferences from the Lewisian complex. We present a comparative study of the petrography, geochemistry, and geochronology of charnockite and intermediate–basic granulite in the Jining area along the northern margin of the North China Craton. Rendiconti Soc Italiana Mineralogia Petrologia 43(2):543–554, Hubbard FH, Whitley JE (1978) Rapakivi granite, anorthosite and charnockitic plutonism. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Girei MB, Najime T, Ogunleye PO (2019) Geochemical characteristics and origin of the Neoproterozoic high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in the northern part of Mandara hills, northeastern Nigeria. Significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.18–0.91; average 0.50) and low Sr (65–690 ppm) are also noted in the GC. W e hope. Carbonates Evap 32:513–524. https://doi.org/10.2478/rmzmag-2019-0036, Okeke PO, Meju MA (1985) Chemical evidence for the sedimentary origin of Igarra supracrustal rocks, S.W. charnockite from Jiuzhou in South China (Zhao et al. Towards the fulfilment of this objective, some of the optical properties of pyroxenes from different types Comparative the petrography, geochemistry and geochronology data of Magnesian–charnockite indicate that the ratios of mafic pellites and basalts involved in anatetic melting are different by the upwelling of mantle magma, also resulting in the Eu anormals characteristics. In der Petrologie gab es bis in die jüngste Zeit die Auffassung, dass die Charnockite zu den Graniten gehören, also magmatischen Ursprungs sind. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-019-00318-0, Ikoro DO, Okereke CO, Agumanu AE, Isreal HO, Ekeocha NE (2012) Geochemistry of the calc-silicate rocks of Igarra, southwestern Nigeria. Mat Geoenv 56(2):148–162, Olarewaju VO (1987) Charnockite–granite association in SW Nigeria: rapakivi granite type and charnockitic plutonism in Nigeria? J Geol Soc India 94:9–22. Propose a new classification scheme for charnockites of the Kerala Khondalite belt. Precambrian Res 62:83e101, Tubosun IA, Lancelot JR, Rahaman MA, Ocan OO (1984) U-Pb Pan-African ages of two charnockite-granite association from southwestern Nigeria. Precambrian Res 9:303e310, McLelland JM, Selleck BW, Hamilton MA, Bickford ME (2010) Late- to post-tectonic setting of some major Proterozoic anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. (a) Very coarse-grained charnockitic orthogneiss with large orthopyroxene crystals, partially altered to amphibole, with plagioclase and minor quartz. Data on field, petrography, geoc hemistry and mineralization of these granitoids cumulative ly demonstrate that they are . Present Adress: Dept. Earth Sci Malaysia 2(1):29–36. The felsic rocks may be assigned to two rock series, namely the orthopy-roxene-bearing charnockite-enderbite series, and the biotite-bearing granite-tonalite series. Precambrian Res 55:469–489, Chappell BW, White AJR (2001) Two contrasting granite types: 25 years later. J Petrol 46:275–290. A comparative study was performed on the petrography, geochemistry and geochronology of charnockite and granulite in the Xiwulanbulang (XWLBL) area, northern margin of the North China Craton, NW China. In: Oluyide PO, Mbonu WC, Ogezi AEO, Egbuniwe IG, Ajibade AC, Umeji AC (eds) Precambrian geology of Nigeria. Cambridge University Press, Lyubetskaya T, Korenaga J (2007) Chemical composition of Earth’s primitive mantle and its variance: 1. Contrib Mineral Petrol 154:591–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-019-00365-7, Goodenough KM, Lusty PAJ, Roberts NMW, Key RM, Garba A (2014) Post-collisional Pan-African granitoids and rare metal pegmatites in western Nigeria: age, petrogenesis, and the ‘pegmatite conundrum’. Rev Mineral 13:201–297, Hubbard FH (1968) The association Charnockite–Older Granite in SW Nigeria. J Mining Geol 3:25–32, Hubbard FH (1988) Basic intrusion, charnockite–rapakivi granite plutonism and crustal depletion, S.W. Lithos 200:22–34. Presented here are the results of detailed investigations encompassing externsive structural mapping in the charnockite-high grade gneiss terrain of North Arcot district and the type area in Pallavaram in Tamil Nadu supported by petrography, mineral chemistry, major, minor and REE distribution patterns in various lithounits. Four-stage episodic crustal evolution model is proposed for the Kerala Khondalite belt. ), Micas. J Afr Earth Sci 13(3–4):387–395, Rajesh HM (2004) The igneous charnockite – high-K alkali-calcic I-type granite – incipient charnockite association in Trivandrum Block, southern India. Published data on the metasedimentary rocks and Pan-African granitoids in different sectors of the belt were also compiled for detailed interpretations. J Afr Earth Sci 6(5):655–664, Yakymchuk C (2019) On granites. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.168.01.05, Patiño Douce AE (2005) Vapor-absent melting of tonalite at 15–32 kbar. Petrography and geochemistry studies provide information whether to undertake an in-depth appraisal or not. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2012.05.009, Nesbitt HW (2003) Petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments and sedimentary rocks. Members of the TC follow sodic (characterized by decreasing CaO/Na2O), whereas those of the GC and AC follow calc-alkaline trends of differentiation. In: Oluyide PO, Mbonu WC, Ogezi AEO, Egbuniwe IG, Ajibade AC, Umeji AC (eds) Precambrian geology of Nigeria. Geochemical patterns of the TC resemble those of the Archaean tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) suites, with slightly magnesian character (average Mg# = 33), moderate LREE (average LaN = 154), low HREE (average YbN = 6) and Y (1–53 ppm; average 11 ppm). but the term khondalite is also used to describe other rocks of similar composition found elsewhere in India as well as in Burma, Sri Lanka and the Inner Mongolia region of China.. of P.G. Accessory minerals are allanite, zircon, titanite (sphene), … Hence, the rarely outcrop of the peraluminous charnockite severely . Some felsic charnockite Field Relationships And Petrography 30 . Precambrian Res 162:180–197, Rajesh HM, Santosh M (2012) Charnockites and charnockites (editorial). Composition. Geological Survey of Nigeria, Kaduna, pp 45–54, Ajibade AC, Woakes M, Rahaman MA (1987) Proterozoic crustal development in the Pan-African regime of Nigeria. Geol Soc Lond 142:319–337, Frost BR, Frost CD (1987) CO2, melts and granulite metamorphism. Similar chemical characteristics are shown by the AC, with ferroan nature (average Mg# = 21), low to moderate degrees of REE fractionation (average [La/Yb]N = 26), high contents of Y (71–99 ppm; average 87), and low Sr/Y (average 2) ratios with significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.03–0.31; average 0.23) and low Sr (average 160 ppm) contents. Arabian Journal of Geosciences Petrography and geochemistry have been part of the methods used in the evaluation of natural resource of which sandstone is one (Bheemalingeswara and Tadesse 2009). In: Oshin O (ed) The basement complex of Nigeria and its mineral resources (a tribute to prof MAO Rahaman). In order to unravel the complex processes involved in the formation and tectonic evolution of the Igarra Schist Belt during the Neoproterozoic, detailed field, petrographic and whole-rock geochemical study of the charnockite–granite association and metasedimentary rocks around Okpella was conducted. Correspondence to J Earth Syst Sci 125(3):605–622, Shaw DM (1968) A review of K-Rb fractionation trends by covariance analysis. v. er area from Hidaka Metamorphic Belt, northern Japan. Chlorite and muscovite occur as secondary minerals. Precambrian Res 311:167–194. Lithos 45:225–279, Ferré EC, Gleizes G, Caby R (2002) Obliquely convergent tectonics and granite emplacement in the Trans-Saharan belt of Eastern Nigeria: a synthesis. The Neoproterozoic evolution of the Igarra Schist Belt, therefore, involved deposition and infolding of sediments in active continental margin during the early Pan-African followed by upwelling of basaltic magma from the mantle which underplated and crystallized in the lower continental crust and was subsequently partially melted to generate the charnockitic and granitic melts through mantle-crust interaction during the late Pan-African. Int J Geosci 3:1065–1073. In: Kogbe CA (ed) Geology of Nigeria. In: Oluyide PO, Mbonu WC, Ogezi AEO, Egbuniwe IG, Ajibade AC, Umeji AC (eds) Precambrian geology of Nigeria. Geocarto Inter:1–21. The second stage corresponds to the production of TTG magmas by melting of the over-thickened oceanic-arc crust, subsequent to basaltic underplating during Palaeoproterozoic (ca. assessing petrography a nd Mineralogy of rock types fro m vada . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-007-0211-y, Rajesh HM (2008) Petrogenesis of two granites from the Nilgiri and Madurai blocks, southwestern India: implications for charnockite–calc-alkaline granite and charnockite–alkali (A-type) granite link in high-grade terrains. Acta Geochim 39:337–354. Geological Survey of Nigeria, Kaduna, pp 93–102, Omitogun AA, Caby R, Debat P (1991) Le métamorphism Pan-African de la partie centrale de la zone mobile du Nigéria. Petrography and geochemistry of Neoproterozoic charnockite–granite association and metasedimentary rocks around Okpella, southwestern Nigeria. In: Bailey SW (ed. Nature 327:503–506, Frost BR, Barnes CG, Collins WJ, Arculus RJ, Ellis DJ, Frost CD (2001) A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. J Geol Soc Lond 153:719–728, Ferré EC, Caby R, Peucat JJ, Capdevila R, Monie P (1998) Pan-African, post-collisional, ferro-potassic granite and quartz-monzonite plutons of eastern Nigeria. J Afr Earth Sci 6(1):67–77, Olarewaju VO (1999) Fluid inclusion studies of coarse-grained charnockitic and the hybrid rocks in Ukpilla area, southwestern Nigeria. Am J Sci 313:517–539, Costa FG, Klein EL, Lafon JM, Milhomem Neto JM, Galarza MA, Rodrigues JB, Naleto JLC, Corrêa Lima RG (2018) Geochemistry and U–Pb–Hf zircon data for plutonic rocks of the Troia Massif, Borborema Province, NE Brazil: evidence for reworking of Archean and juvenile Paleoproterozoic crust during Rhyacian accretionary and collisional tectonics. The Neoproterozoic charnockite–granite association of Okpella intrudes metasedimentary and migmatite-gneiss complex rocks in the eastern Igarra Schist Belt, southwestern Nigeria. Petrography is a branch of petrology that focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks.Someone who studies petrography is called a petrographer.The mineral content and the textural relationships within the rock are described in detail. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.48.4.729, McLennan SM (1989) Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sedimentary processes. Geol Soc Amer Spec Paper 230:145–158, Caby R, Boessé JM (2001) Pan-African nappe system in Southwest Nigeria: the Ife-Ilesha schist belt. Geol Rundsch 70(3):897–909, Odeyemi IB (1988) Lithostratigraphy and structural relationships of the Upper Precambrian metasediments in Igarra area, southwestern Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.05.005, Bhatia MR, Crook KAW (1986) Trace element characteristics of greywackes and tectonic setting discrimination of sedimentary basins. mamandur polymetal deposit. Lithos 12:1–11, Ibe CU, Obiora SC (2019) Geochemical characterization of granitoids in Katchuan Irruan area: further evidence for peraluminous and shoshonitic compositions and post-collisional setting of granitic rocks in the Precambrian Basement Complex of Nigeria. Chem Geol 124:233–252, Danbatta UA (2008) A review of the evolution and tectonic framework of the schist belts of Western Nigeria, West Africa. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, Adegbuyi O, Ogunyele AC, Odindu M, Erinfolami TG (2017) Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of basement rocks in Idoani area, Ondo State, southwestern Nigeria.
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