Boca Rotan, Florida: CRC Press. Raipur, India: Indira Gandhi Agricultural University. Calocybe indica recorded yield of 356.5 to 375.0 g of mushrooms per 250 g of paddy straw (dry weight) which accounts to 142.6 to 150.0 percent bio-efficiency. This mushroom is gaining popularity due to its attractive robust, whitesporocarps, long shelf life, sustainable yield, delicious taste, unique texture and cholesterol free foods with certain important medicinal properties including their antiviral effect. Several casing materials were used by various researchers for mushroom cultivation such as peat moss, loam soil, spent mushroom substrate, coconut coir, biogas slurry, farmyard manure, and so on (Krishnamoorthy et al., 2000). Moreover, Kerketta et al. Official methods of analysis. All authors contributed equally. (2004). They placed it in the section Calocybe of the genus Calocybe, noting that it appeared closely related to and was similar morphologically to Calocybe gambosa, from which it differed by having slightly larger oval spores, and a stouter mushroom. Wikipedia. Calocybe indica is more popular due to its robust size, attractive color, sustainable yield, delicious taste and unique texture. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(5), 2343–2348. The highest protein content (23.66%) was observed on wheat straw, while the minimum (19.33%) on rice straw substrate. LinkedIn . Feasibility of dairy waste water (DWW) and distillery spent wash (DSW) effluents in increasing the yield potential of, , A. The most common supplements are the sources of organic nitrogen such as cereal bran, which are necessary for the growth of the mycelial mass but may interfere with the productivity and biological efficiency of mushrooms. In addition, the effect of wheat bran supplement has also been reported in tropical and sub-tropical oyster mushrooms by Gurjar and Doshi (1995). Mycobiology, 38(2), 97–101. The maximum fresh weight of fruiting body was obtained from peat moss casing bags followed by loam soil casing bags, while the lowest weight of fruiting body was obtained from spent mushroom substrate casing. , R. (2015). Wikipedia. You are experiencing a small sample of what the site has to offer. (2009). Orlando, FL, USA: Academic Press. , A. J. Sardar, H., Ali, M. A., Ayyub, C. M., and Ahmed, R. (2015). Each of the supplements (4% dry weight) was mixed separately with substrate (wheat straw) before spawning. (2009). Zahid, M. K., Barua, S., and Haque, S. I. Proximate composition and mineral content of selected edible mushroom varieties of Bangladesh. A promising edible mushroom for the tropics Calocybe indica P. & C. Mushroom Info, 86, 14–22. Kadiri, M. (1999). The CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF CALOCYBE INDICA (P & C) AND USE OF SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE FOR LEAFY VEGETABLES IN NORTH BENGAL S. Barman, S. Roy, U. Chakraborty, B. N. Chakraborty* Immuno-Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri -734013, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. The temperature of the incubation affects mycelial growth of fungus as other biological growth process influenced (Zadrazil, 1978). However, there is a need to specify substrates for the cultivation of milky mushroom. Mushrooms are appreciated in most of the countries due to their delicacy, flavour, taste and texture and are considered as an ideal health food (Stamets, 2011). Effect of substrates and supplements on fruit bodies production of Pleurotus cornucopiae (Paul ex Pers) Rolland. 319–320). The substrates were filled in the bags, and spawning was done as described in Experiment No. (1993). Optimization of growth parameters for increased yield of the edible mushroom Calocybe indica. , R. P. (2004). There are not many species of this genus in Britain. Species of edible mushroom native to India. Miles, P. G., and Chang, S. T. (2004). ), Mushrooms as functional foods (pp. The pileus (cap) diameter of fruiting body was found to be significantly higher on wheat bran supplemented substrate as compared to non-supplemented substrate. It is necessary to find the appropriate culture media, temperature, pH and substrate for higher yield and nutrition of cultivated mushroom. Chang, S. T. (2007). Doctoral dissertation. However, PDA gave higher mycelial growth (7.46 cm) than MEA (7.04 cm). It is a fantastic variety that grows in states like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andra Pradesh, and Odisha. Varshney, A. Nutritional composition (expressed on a dry weight basis) of C. indica fruit bodies, harvested from different substrates is presented in Table 3. (2004). Milky mushrooms, botanically classified as Calocybe indica, are the only mushroom species both native to and cultivated in the hot, humid climate of India. Evaluation of substrate for yield of Calocybe indica. A manual of laboratory techniques (pp. The sturdy all-white mushrooms appear in summer after rainfall in fields and on road verges. Calocybe indica is rich in cabohydrates, protein, lipids, fats, fiber, ash and is abundant with essential amino acids. The authors—botanists R.P. , J. E. (2004). , H. J. Evaluation of alternative substrates for milky mushroom. Kumar, R., Singh, G., Mishra, P., and Singh, R. (2012). Our results are in agreement with the earlier reports of several scientists, who suggested wheat straw to get maximum yield of milky mushroom (Vijaykumar et al., 2014; Dayaram, 2009; Arora et al., 2004). Different substrates had a significant influence on number of fruiting bodies (Table 1). (2012). Effects of various easily available supplementation materials (i.e. Mycelial growth (cm) was also recorded after 9 days of inoculation (Hoa et al., 2015). Download Commercial production of Milky Mushroom ( Calocybe indica PDF for free. PDA media was used in this experiment with pH levels of 6, 7 and 8. Bangladesh Journal of Nutrition, 22–23, 61–68. Production technology of Calocybe indica has been introduced by Purkayastha and Nayak in 1979 which was improved by Purkayastha and Nayak in 1981. Indian Journal of Mushroom, 18, 19–23. (2015) observed similar values, whereby stalk length was in the range of 4.74 to 7.81 cm and diameter of stipe varies from 6.73 to 8.28 cm in milky mushroom. Milky mushroom, having high-temperature requirements of 30 −35°C as compared to other cultivated mushrooms, can be cultivated in hot humid climate throughout the summer season (Pani, 2010; Kumar et al., 2012). International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 65(2), 285–293. Vertical bars represent mean ± SE (n = 3). Abstract: Milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) has become the third commercially grown mushroom in India after button and oyster mushrooms. Influence of different supplements on the commercial cultivation of milky white mushroom. Mushroom fruiting body development depends on lignocellulosic waste material that provides nutrition such as carbon and nitrogen for growth (Miles and Chang, 2004). Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 27(2), 139–145. (1990). Figure 3: Effect of Sawdust on the Length of the Stipe of . . (2017) with little modifications. Calocybe indica was washed with clean running water to remove external dust particles and to reduce the microbial load on the gooseberry) juice and lemon juice were added along with the quantity of potassium meta -bi sulphite (750 ppm) was dissolved in a part of water according to the treatments and well mixed in the blended juice with the help of stirrer. , V. (2001). Mycobiology, 38(3), 184–188. (2000). A 2.5 cm thick layer of casing material was applied uniformly on the substrate. Moreover, suitable carbon to nitrogen ratio might have been responsible for the higher mycelial growth rate in wheat straw substrate. The Singh, V. P., Singh, G., Singh, V. P., Kumar, A., Bhople, B. S., Srivastava, S., Kumar, A., and Singh, P. (2015). Effect of different substrates and casing materials on the growth and yield of Calocybe indica. The major challenge for mushroom cultivation is maintaining low temperature during the months of summer which ranges between 27 and 45°C (Miles and Chang, 2004). Varshney (2007) and Subbiah and Balan (2015) reported 25–35°C temperature is ideal for the highest growth of mycelium of the milky mushroom. Doshi, A., Sharma, S. S., and Trivedi, A. The pH of the spawn was maintained by adding CaCO3 and CaSO4 in wheat grain. Around nine species are found in neotropical regions. Production of grain mother and planting spawns of, , C. S. (2018). (2010) who found that wheat bran supplement added with substrate increased the growth, yield and biological efficiency of milky mushroom. The prepared and sterilised media were poured (20 mL) in 90 mm petri dish separately. Ayyub, C. M., Khan, N. A., Rehman, A., Pervez, M. A., Akhtar, N., and Ullah, I. Prospects of cultivation of specialty mushrooms in Rajasthan, India. The authors are grateful to Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for financial support to this study under SRGP#1071. Publication Division Agriculture University California, USA, 150–179. Regarding media used to culture the mycelium that is used for further spawn making, PDA is the best media. Traditionally eaten in West Bengal, it is being grown commercially in several Indian states and other tropical countries. Milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) can be grown on wide range of substrates as in case of oyster mushroom. Peat moss casing gave significantly higher yield along with higher biological efficiency, followed by loam soil casing, while spent mushroom substrate casing provided the lowest yield and biological efficiency. Share. As it grows in hot humid climate hence this mushroom is highly suitable for cultivation in most of the plains of India almost throughout the year. Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms. Effect of substrates on growth attributes such as total yield (g), biological efficiency (%) of Calocybe indica. Evaluation of alternative substrates for milky mushroom. , H. K. (2014). Share on twitter. The temperature significantly influenced the mycelial growth of C. indica on both PDA and MEA mediums. Milky mushroom C. indica of Indian origin (Pani, 2010) culture was revived from an already present pure culture. 2. Thakur, M. P., and Singh, H. K. (2014). Indian Phytopath, 65, 399–403. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42(2), 616–623. Widespread but apparently uncommon, Calocybe carnea is a little pink mushroom that grows in lawns and meadows. The biological efficiency (%) was significantly influenced by the substrates as shown in Table 2. 5. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Optimization of growth parameters for increased yield of the edible mushroom, , B. J. Milky Mushrooms are also known as summer mushrooms. Substrate should be fresh and dry. M. Sc. Proximate composition and mineral content of selected edible mushroom varieties of Bangladesh. Gurjar, K. L., and Doshi, A. Calocybe indica, commonly known as the milky white mushroom, is a species of edible mushroom native to India. Calocybe indica slices (5 mm) were dried in cross flow dryer, open sun dryer, solar dryer, through flow dryer, vibro dryer, vacuum dryer in the respective drying chambers at 65, 36, 55, 60, 55 and 45°C. Although stem diameter was non-significant among substrates, the diameter observed in wheat straw was ~18% greater than in other substrates. The analysis was performed as described for the mushroom fruiting bodies analysis (AOAC, 1990). Calocybe indica, commonly known as the milky white mushroom, is a species of edible mushroom native to India. These findings are regarding biological efficiency and total yield on wheat straw are in accordance with the results of previous studies (Doshi et al., 1993, 2007). Milky mushrooms (Calocybe indica) are warm loving mushroom species suitable for the subtropical and tropical climate types.One of the low-cost varieties to grow, Milky mushrooms grow quite large and are more rewarding than other gourmet mushrooms. (Calocybe indica) attained the lowest mean lengt h with 4.90 . This mushroom is gaining popularity due to its attractive robust, white sporocarps, long shelf life, sustainable yield, delicious taste, unique texture and cholesterol free foods with certain important medicinal properties including their antiviral effect. Yield, mushroom size and time to production of. Micologia Aplicada International, 19(2), 33–34. Yamauchi et al. Yield, mushroom size and time to production of Pleurotus cornucopiae (oyster mushroom) grown on switch grass substrate spawned and supplemented at various rates. Pantnagar: GBPUA&T, 94. This mushroom is gaining popularity due to its attractive robust, whitesporocarps, long shelf life, sustainable yield, delicious taste, unique texture and cholesterol free foods with certain important medicinal properties including their antiviral effect. Effect of substrates and supplements on fruit bodies production of, , C. H. (2015). Similar to these findings, Vijaykumar et al. Calocybe carnea [ Basidiomycetes > Agaricales > Lyophyllaceae > Calocybe . All Posts » Prev Previous Using Mycorrhizae in Your Garden – with instructional video. The effects of different substrates on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of two oyster mushrooms (, , M. (1999). The maximum total yield was obtained with wheat bran supplement as compared to non-supplemented substrate. The ash content was estimated from the sample incinerated at 600 ± 15°C (Raghuramulu et al. The results obtained are given in Table 5. Citation: Folia Horticulturae 32, 1; 10.2478/fhort-2020-0011. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the best temperature, pH requirement, substrate, casing material and supplementing material for the cultivation of milky mushroom. Gothwal, R., Gupta, A., Kumar, A., Sharma, S., and Alappat, B. J. To learn more about the use of cookies, please read our. Gopinath, L., Arunkumar, J., Meera, A., and Raj, S. P. (2012). Mushroom cultivation is gaining popularity among growers in urban and peri-urban areas due to inexpensive raw materials including agriculture and industrial waste (Chang, 2007). Furthermore, fresh air in the growing room was circulated with an exhaust fan (size 12 inch) to lower the CO2 below 1,000 ppm after every 3–4 h. The mushroom fruiting bodies were harvested after 25 days (on fruiting body maturity), and observations on growth parameters were recorded. Similarly, the fresh weight of mushroom fruiting bodies differed significantly among substrates. cm. Yadav, R. S. (2006). (1995). Casing materials must have high water holding capacity, a good air space ratio to facilitate gaseous exchange, porosity and bulk density (Yadav, 2006). After the completion of mycelium growth in the bags with fungus, 2.5 cm thick layer of casing material was applied uniformly on the substrate. Effect of different substrates and casing materials on the growth and yield of. Yamauchi et al . The Calocybe indica strains viz., Ci (P), Ci (N) had long stipe measuring 3-6.7 cm in diameter with centrally attached stipe similar to the commercially cultivated Calocybe indica var.APK 2.